The Pyramids of the Cold - Table of Contents
Publié par Bruno Coursol dans The Pyramids of the Cold le

Horus holding the fog nozzle of the Great Pyramid of Giza, refreshing himself, and King Amasis demonstrating that he was able to master the Solvay process and that the manufacturing of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate was successful.
Horus Figure DUT 162 from the Louvre Museum and Kneeling statuette of King Amasis from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New-York. Accession Number: 35.9.3 : https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544886
Pyramids of the Giza Necropolis by KennyOMG : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giza_pyramid_complex#/media/File:Pyramids_of_the_Giza_Necropolis.jpg
0.01 The Pyramids of the Cold - Very quick abstract of the study
Ancient Egyptian pharaohs used chemistry and physics to legitimate themselves as kings of Egypt, and they forged an entire religion for that matter : gods were self-glorification metaphors of their scientific accomplishments. The end game of this technological program was the Great Pyramid of Giza where evaporative cooling was engineered in the known part of the pyramid, using the power of water, most probably as suggested by the strong ammonia smell in the Red Pyramid, to cool down chemical manufacturing of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. At that time, sodium carbonate was called natron, and it was the salt used for the mummification of the pharaohs.
Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to master a Solvay-like process for sodium carbonate manufacturing, long before it got reinvented in the 1800's in Europe. The key elements of that process is the temperature control of the chemical reactions (the cooling), and the dome shaped plate necessary for the counterflow chemical reactions to occur in an efficient way, and that plate is precisely what is the disc of Sabu.
If mastering the Solvay-process was important, it actually looks like the cold was the most magical phenomenon worshiped by ancient Egyptians, as suggested by Akhenaten and Nefertiti who represented themselves as Shu and Tefnut, the deities that combined together were creating the evaporative cold (Shu = dry warm air, and Tefnut = spat water).
The evaporative cold is what represents the ankh symbol that is given by Akhenaten to the heat of the Sunbeams.
Also, the very first pyramid complex, the Step Pyramid of Djoser, was called "the refreshment of the Gods".

Diagram of the Great Pyramid of Giza in operation, for evaporative cold production.
The constant high humidity rate resulting of the evaporative cooling created in the horizontal passage and the Queen's chamber is explaining the presence of very thick and hard incrustation of salt in both of these parts of the Great Pyramid (read more on that subject in Section 1).
0.02 The Pyramids of the Cold - Table of contents
Section 1 • The Evaporative Cooling Passage, Nefertem and the khepeshes
Section 2 • The Evaporative Cooling : the Dendera Light
Section 3 • The Evaporative Cooling : the Amun, Geb, Shu, Nut and Tefnut glorifying metaphors
Section 4 • The Inclined Well layout : the Girdle Stones and the interlocked blocks
Section 5 • The Inclined Well waters : the Great Snake Apep metaphor of the pressurized waters
Section 6 • The Inclined Well : the Taweret Lady of the Well block
Section 7 • The Inclined Well : the Bes wedging block and the Māori ceremonial Haka
Section 8 • The Inclined Well : the draining of the well
Section 9 • The Inclined Well : the Was Scepter, the Sa Symbol and the Isis Knot
Section 10 • The Impactor
Section 11 • The Grand Gallery : the Hidden Hauling Cavern of the Underworld
Section 12 • The Grand Gallery : the Hauling Beetle designed for 8+2 crewmembers
Section 13 • The Grand Gallery : the Scarab Amulets
Section 14 • Solvay process (natron manufacturing) : the Red Pyramid
Section 15 • Solvay process (natron manufacturing) : the Disc of Sabu
Section 16 • Solvay process : the cooling of the Eye of Horus
Section 17 • The Ankh symbol and the changes made by Akhenaten & Nefertiti
Section 18 • The Sarcophagus of the Great Pyramid

Ancient Egyptians represented snakes everywhere in countless occasions, but they were nothing but water metaphors referring to their scientific accomplishments in physics and chemistry (Section 5).
0.03 The real secret of ancient Egyptian pharaohs was scientific knowledge : physics and chemistry were perceived as magical proof that they were having the legitimacy to reign from the gods
At the time of the pharaohs, they didn't use the modern term "sodium carbonate" : it was called natron and it was the mummification salt.
Pharaoh's Sneferu, Khufu's father, built 3 pyramids to master the production of this pure mineral form of the salt he was gonna use to access to immortality. If my theory is correct, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, at Giza, would be the achievement of his father's quest for immortality.
Chemistry was the real secret of the ancient Egyptians, probably for many generations before Sneferu ; and the technical mastery of this craft would have been a important piece of the political balance between the people and their kings.
People would probably only see magic in chemistry. For the people, it was the proof that their rulers had the legitimacy to reign, directly from the gods.
Chemistry was coming from the gods.
Sneferu was probably the most revolutionary pharaoh of all times, and he decided to deploy chemistry technology like never before. He didn't hesitate to build 3 pyramids and who knows how many smaller structures, to achieve the production of the pure natron.
The Great Pyramid at Giza should be seen, so to speak, as the fourth pyramid of Sneferu, the culmination of many years of hard work.
The pure natron produced inside the pyramids by Snefuru, had many advantages: they didn't have to rely on quarrying and purifying rocks, but I think the most important reason to do it, is that chemistry was probably seen at that time as close to magic as it could be.
Pharaoh's showing off their ability to master the chemistry crafts, was probably the cornerstone of their legitimacy to rule their kingdom. It was certainly assumed that the gods were giving that magical chemistry art directly to the pharaoh.
It is absolutely exhilarating to imagine what could have been that ancient Egyptian society, where most probably nobody had the right to even try to do any kind of chemistry, because it would have been perceived as an attempt to mimic the pharaoh's power and privileges.
Still, humans being what they are, some would have tried, and they would have been extremely severely punished for that.
The sacred and magic chemistry craft was the real secret and the real treasure of Ancient Egypt.

Deities like Shu, Geb, Nut and Tefnut are referring to the basic fundamental physical laws that are explaining the evaporative cooling process. Shu is the representation of dry and warm air, Geb is the representation of water in liquid form, Nut is the representation of the evaporated water (water in the sky), and Tefnut is the representation of liquid water in form of microdroplets (that is spat water, as 'tf' means 'to spit').
Additionally to these "fundamental" gods, other gods were also directly referring to the practical application of these scientific concepts : they were the "experimental" gods, like Apep (the pressurized waters of the inclined well), Atum (the small amount of that pressurized water ejected towards the evaporative passage), Nefertem (the water supply pipe of the fog nozzle and the fog nozzle itself) and Amun, the "invisible" King of Gods that was representing the evaporative process strictly speaking and thus, creating the cold.
For more on ancient Egyptian gods as glorifying representations of the accomplishments of pharaoh's scientists and engineers, and the way they are referring to whether the theoretical or experimental point of view of that scientific knowledge, please read Section 3 and 17 for explanations on the Ankh symbol.
Drawing of Amun-Ra, post Amarna : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amun-Ra_post_Amarna_(azure_skin_color).svg
0.04 The Great Pyramid of Khufu was a profound Change of Civilization Event
When operating, the Great Pyramid would have appeared like a living beast : a lot of noises, fumes and smoke would get out of it. 4,500 years ago, no wonder such a sight changed forever the identity of the Egyptian people and was at the origin of many symbolic or mythological scenes, figures, gods and artifacts.
One of the ramifications of my theory about Sneferu's pyramids, is that many aspects of ancient Egyptian religion and artifacts, maybe even most of them, are based on the operating of the Great Pyramid at Giza. Everything starts with Sneferu's reign and is quest for the sodium carbonate manufacturing: Sneferu wanted pure "magical" man made natron for his mummification, and probably other purposes, like chemical "magical" demonstrations to the people.

The Hauling Beetle of the Great Pyramid of Giza, for 8 crewmembers.
0.05 Most of ancient Egyptian gods and artifacts didn't exist at the time of Sneferu's reign
The first thing we should have in mind in regards to ancient Egyptian studies, is that pretty much everything we can think of nowadays with religious significance, didn't exist at the time when Sneferu was building his pyramids and planning for the Great Pyramid at Giza, that I believe will inherit his son, Khufu.
At the time of Sneferu and the Fourth Dynasty, the scarab amulets didn't exist ; gods Horus, Isis, Osiris, Nefertem, Ptah, Sokar, etc. didn't exist. The Eye of Horus didn't exist. The Four Sons of Horus didn't exist. The scarab beetle faced god Kephri-Ra didn't exist. The 8 Ogdoad primordial deities didn't exist. All these elements only start to appear progressively with the Fifth and Sixth Dynasty.
The question everyone should ask, is what the heck happened, that would explain that suddenly, in just a period of a few decades, scarab beetle amulets were crafted by vast numbers and all these new "gods" appear with so many unusual artifacts (the Khepeshes, the wooden base of figurines in the shape of a wooden beam, lotus flowers with copper pipes, etc.).
Pretty much everything we know about ancient Egyptian religion starts with the pyramid texts on the Fifth Dynasty: "The Pyramid Texts are the oldest ancient Egyptian funerary texts, dating to the late Old Kingdom. They are the earliest known corpus of ancient Egyptian religious texts. Written in Old Egyptian, the pyramid texts were carved onto the subterranean walls and sarcophagi of pyramids at Saqqara from the end of the Fifth Dynasty, and throughout the Sixth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, and into the Eighth Dynasty of the First Intermediate Period" (source : Wikipedia).
0.06 The temples of ancient Egypt
Do you really believe that the biggest "temples" were for worship?
Do you know that the biggest temples employed "tens of thousands of people" and that they had their own sailing ships to get materials abroad?
What do you think, let's say that 50.000 people were doing in these "temples" all year long?
These are some clues : scientific and technological university studies, research application centers, "religious" artists, physical training, etc.
"Temples were key centers of economic activity. The largest required prodigious resources and employed tens of thousands of priests, craftsmen, and laborers." Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_temple
Ancient Egyptian temples were the heart of the technological efforts for chemical manufacturing. It was in these temples that everything about this scientific program was elaborate. In these temples, the disc of Sabu was designed to achieve the most effective counterflow reactions, a Solvay-like process was developed and the evaporative cooling was mastered.
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