THE PYRAMIDS of the COLD • Chapter 62 Medjed: the mysterious god nobody can see but who allows the bird to take its flight

Medjed is an ancient Egyptian god mentioned in the Book of the Dead, who is described as "The Smiter" (le 'Cogneur', le 'Frappeur'). Because of his ghost-like portrayal in some illustrations on the Greenfield papyrus (without any mouth or nose), Medjed has earned great popularity in modern Japanese culture, including as a character in video games and anime. Medjed is invisible and can't be seen, though belonging to the 'House of Osiris'. Draw of Medjed by Di (they-them): https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medjed.svg

THE PYRAMIDS of the COLD • Study written by Bruno COURSOL (January 2021 to September 2025)

Section J • The obsession of the ancient Egyptians for Science and Technology

What egyptologists have really missed is the real cement, but also the obsession that the ancient Egyptians had with knowledge in general, science and technology in particular: their entire civilization was entirely focused on these disciplines. In many ways, they had absolutely nothing to envy of the development that the West achieved around the beginning of the 19th century AD.

Chapter 62 • Medjed 'the Smiter' nobody can see, who belongs in the House of Osiris and allows the bird to take flight

In summary: very little is known about Medjed, the Egyptian god who was known as "The Smiter", and there will be no definitive position taken in this Chapter about him; but some things can be point out anyway. As of today, because it was said that Medjed belonged to the House of Osiris, and that he was unseen of anybody, could indicate that he is a representation of the pressurized air that was created inside the central wooden Djed caisson; the Djed caisson was indeed "the House of Osiris".

This hypothesis isn't certain, but it would explain why is Medjed also associated with a bird, taking flight, and why nobody could ever see Medjed: you cannot see the air, even if it is pressurized.

Everything about Medjed is about some kind of air, air with force, air with enough force that a bird can take its flight, air that you cannot see but you can represent just like we represent clouds today. This air with force of Medjed, only is the glorification of pressurized air, the one that was created in the Great Pyramid, inside the central wooden Djed caisson: the House of Osiris, the place where Osiris was endlessly moving up and down.

[illustration] Lift of an airplane: https://worldaviationato.com/en/bernoulli-principle/

Sheet 76 of the Book of the Dead of Nestanebetisheru, known as the "Greenfield Papyrus". 950 BCE to 930 BCE, 21st or 22nd Dynasty. Picture courtesy of the British Museum: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA10554-76

62.01  Medjed and pressurized air: the bird taking flight #1

We've already seen that the impactor of the Great Pyramid has been deified in many very different representations, each one of them focusing on one or some of its particular aspects:

• the speed and almost flying capabilities of the impactor has been glorified by the hawk or the falcon (Horus)

• the ramming power of the impactor when hitting the waters of the inclined well has been glorified into the Apis bull and also probably into the ram's horns (although the ram could be only about the water hammer effect, very difficult to say; maybe the ram have been used for both the impactor capabilities and the water hammer effect).

So when I started to work on Medjed, I automatically saw in this "Smiter god that nobody could see" another representation and glorification of the impactor, hidden inside the central wooden Djed caisson. It would have perfectly fit the impactor's operation. But I was so blinded by the impactor, that I didn't really see what was around Medjed in the very few illustrations of the god we have in our possession.

We'll see later on this Chapter, that Medjed was either associated with a bird taking flight, of feathers; and it is by combining these two associations that we can reject the impactor hypothesis, and understand at the same time that Medjed is only about the pressurized air that was created by the descending movement of the speeding impactor inside the central wooden Djed caisson. The House of Osiris, precisely is the Djed caisson.

In short, Medjed was unseen because Medjed is about the air, and even pressurized air cannot be seen.

"Spell 17 of the Book of the Dead mentions, amongst many other obscure gods, one Medjed (meaning "The Smiter"), in the following line: "I know the name of that Smiter among them, who belongs to the House of Osiris, who shoots with his eye, yet is unseen."  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medjed

"E.A. Wallis Budge translated the corresponding passage in the New Kingdom Papyri, known as the "Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead" as follows: I know the being Mātchet [Medjed] who is among them in the House of Osiris, shooting rays of light from [his] eye, but who himself is unseen. He goeth round about heaven robed in the flame of his mouth, commanding Hāpi, but remaining himself unseen." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medjed

Operating diagram of the Grand Gallery, showing the crucial importance of the central wooden Djed caisson in the capacity of the impactor of generating pressurized air before pressurizing the water of the inclined well, when both the lower and upper hatch are close and the Djed caisson airtight. All the latch bolts have been forced inside the walls of the Gallery and the hauling Beetle is ready to be brought back up to the top of the Gallery.

62.02  Medjed is about the pressurization of the air of the central wooden caisson

• Medjed is unseen (you cannot see the air)

• Pressurized air can smite you down

• The realm of Medjed was the central wooden Djed caisson: the 'House of Osiris'

Sheet 12 of the Book of the Dead of Nestanebetisheru, known as the "Greenfield Papyrus". 950 BCE to 930 BCE, 21st or 22nd Dynasty. Picture courtesy of the British Museum ©Trustees of the British Museum: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA10554-12

62.03  Medjed and pressurized air: the bird taking flight #2

Following excerpts (adapted), are from "Medjed: from Ancient Egypt to Japanese Pop Culture", by Rodrigo B. Salvador (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany), a very interesting article on Medjed that I strongly recommend: https://jgeekstudies.org/2017/08/15/medjed-from-ancient-egypt-to-japanese-pop-culture/

"The main source of knowledge on Medjed is the so-called “Greenfield Papyrus”, where he appears twice. If the name of the papyrus seems a little awkward, that is because it is common for ancient Egyptian artifacts (especially papyri) to be named after the collector who owned it during the heyday of Egyptomania. In this case, this particular papyrus belonged to Mrs. Edith M. Greenfield, who donated it to the British Museum in 1910. The curator’s comments on the online collection of the British Museum summarizes it nicely:

“The ‘Greenfield Papyrus’ is one of the longest and most beautifully illustrated manuscripts of the ‘Book of the Dead’ to have survived. Originally, over thirty-seven metres in length, it is now cut into ninety-six separate sheets mounted between glass. It was made for a woman named Nestanebisheru, the daughter of the high priest of Amun Pinedjem II. As a member of the ruling elite at Thebes, she was provided with funerary equipment of very high quality. Many of the spells included on her papyrus are illustrated with small vignettes, and besides these there are several large illustrations depicting important scenes.” British Museum (2017)

The Greenfield Papyrus dates from the historical period known as New Kingdom, possibly from the end of the 21st Dynasty or the beginning of the 22nd, around 950–930 BCE (British Museum, 2017)."

Three representations of Medjed and on each one of them he is associated with feathers. From left to right: PB 101 (currently undergoing restauration at the Martin Bodmer Fondation), 100 et 102.

62.04  Medjed and pressurized air: the feathers

To this day, according to Sébastien Brugière from the Fondation Martin Bodmer, https://fondationbodmer.ch/sur-la-trace-du-dieu-medjed/, Medjed only appears in 9 occurrences in the world. By chronological order:

• Papyrus Bodmer 101 (Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cologny)

• Papyrus Bodmer 102 (Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cologny)

• Papyrus Turin 1818 (Musée égyptologique de Turin)

• Papyrus Bodmer 100 (Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cologny)

• Papyrus London BMEA 9948 (British Museum, Londres)

• Papyrus Cairo S.R. VII 10222 (Musée du Caire)

• Papyrus Cairo JE95658 (S.R. IV 556) (Musée du Caire)

• Papyrus Cairo JE 95637 (S.R. IV 528) (Musée du Caire)

• Papyrus Greenfield (BM EA10554) (British Museum, Londres)

“A vignette from the Papyrus Cairo JE 95658 scroll. Medjed is shown on the far left.” Same as above PB100: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medjed#/media/File:Medjed_Cairo_95658.png

Operating diagram of the Great Pyramid of Khufu for flash-evaporative cold production, hypothetically for cooling down a Solvay-like process and the manufacturing of chemically manufacturing of 100% pure natron, the salt used by Egyptians for the mummification process.

The Dendera Light is a stone relief in the Hathor temple at Denderah in Egypt, that depict Harsomtus, in the form of a snake, emerging from a lotus flower. "In six reliefs he is shown within an oval container called hn, which might represent the womb of Nut. These superficially resemble a lamp or light." Photograph thanks to Kairoinfo4U and posted on flickr:   https://www.flickr.com/photos/manna4u/14525094039/in/photostream/

62.05  Medjed and his curious shape that looks like the Dendera Light: this is just how Egytpians have represented the pressurized air and the fog of microdroplets created in the evaporative cooling passage of the Great Pyramid

Before realizing that Medjed was actually all about the air, because of the feathers and the birds taking flight, I couldn’t understand is strange and so unfamiliar look. Remember that Medjed isn’t about any kind of air: he is about the air that has some force, hence the feathers and the birds taking flight, but also his epithet describing Medjed as “The Smiter”.

So, how do you think ancient Egyptians  represented this idea of air with force (that is just another way of talking about pressurized air)? Well, they pretty much did exactly like we do ourselves today when we are drawing clouds in the sky; with one very important difference: because that pressurized air with force that was created in the flash-evaporative passage originated from the fog nozzle, just like the fog of microdroplets, Egyptians had to add some kind movement in their representations.

• this is why the Dendera Light is originating from a lotus flower (remember, it is not the flower Egyptians had in mind here, but the lotus seed head that resembles to a shower head)

• this is why the representations of Medjed have this strange Dendera Light look as well

• and this is why Medjed has big legs: pressurized air was indeed moving very fast, so they added big legs

“A depiction of Medjed based on the Papyrus Cairo JE 95658 scroll.” by  Gen. Quon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medjed#/media/File:Medjed_(Papyrus_Cairo).svg

“How to draw a cute cloud | Step by step art for kids”, by Doaa Moaz: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/891501688707322103/

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